The Roles and Future of Political Parties in America Essay

When George Washington left office, he warned the nation about political parties fearing they were dangerous to the way government should function. Despite his warning, political parties developed and changed American politics forever. By definition, a political party is a group of office holders, candidates, activists, and voters who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under that label (OConnor and Sabato 437). The creation of political parties can be traced back to the differing views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton while they served in Washingtons cabinet. Jeffersons Democratic-Republican counterpart today is the Democratic Party while Hamiltons Federalists are similar to†¦show more content†¦Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution while Hamilton believed in its loose interpretation. A classic example of this was the issue of the first US Bank and whether it was constitutional or not. The Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825) resulted in party politics becoming very minute at the national level since most people were assumed to be Democratic-Republicans. In reality though, at the state level parties continued to develop (OConnor and Sabato 438). In addition, by the 1820s all the states except South Carolina began allowing the popular election of electoral college members. This action further increased the importance of attracting people to join a party since it was in the partys best interests to encourage people to join so that respective candidates could win elections (OConnor and Sabato 438). In 1832 the nations first presidential nominating convention was done by the Democratic Party. Unfortunately, this actually weakened the role of political parties since one of the most important duties of a party was to select a presidential candidate. Similarly, direct primaries further weakened the role of political parties. In the 1870s as large numbers of immigrants flooded into the US, parties competed for their support. This resulted in the creation of machines which recruited people (mostly new immigrants) to gain votes inShow MoreRelatedPoltical Factionalism: Dividing the People Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical factions have played a fundamental role in shaping governments here and around the world in history and will continue to influence in the future. Factions divide a government based on different beliefs of key issue in policies, such as spending and warfare. Political factions are both beneficial to a society and detrimental. A political party is â€Å"A group organized for the purpose of achieving and exercising power within a political system,† (Gwinn 960). 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Insight On Existential Of Existential - 2222 Words

Insight on Existential Givens Imagine coming across a moment in your life where you feel as if you do not know where you stand or belong in the world. What if you were un-capable of forming your own decisions, or so focused on the reality of death that it often takes a toll over your life? These feelings and thoughts can be addressed through existential therapy, and are looked upon as existential givens, which many individuals lack them within themselves. The four main givens that one may often distress is freedom, isolation, meaningless, and death. It is essential for every human being to have them cognitively cultivated in order to maintain a prosperous life, and become the healthy individuals they truly want to be. What is an†¦show more content†¦An existential therapist, is genuine and direct with their client’s, and go into their sessions with the concept that all of their clients are unique individuals at heart despite their situation, or what they may be going through. The process of this therapy focuses on the growth and development of the client at a physical, psychosocial and spiritual dimension of their existence. These therapist believe that good and effective psychotherapy is not procedurally based, instead it evolves out of the therapists willingness to utilize the self to facilitate relationship, action, and reflect on experiences that help the client work through the struggle they may have issuing human life (Lantz, J; 2004). Goals of Existential Therapy Existential therapist’s main focus is the client and helping them into become fulfilling individuals. The majority of the time many individuals are influenced by a variety of things, whether its friends, family, media, or society. This may lead them into discerning things they enjoy, or avoiding things they like and that makes them happy. This is where the therapist steps in and makes it a goal to increase the client’s ability to be self-aware and truthful with themselves. Another goal involves the client being able to take responsibility of their own choices and decisions. The therapist will

United Nations Reform for Indirect Exporting Free Essays

An Indirect Exporter is when a firm†s product is sold in foreign markets with no special activity for this purpose occurs within the firm. Others carry a firm†s product overseas. Although exporting this way can open up new markets quickly a firm will have limited control over distribution of its product. We will write a custom essay sample on United Nations Reform for Indirect Exporting or any similar topic only for you Order Now A firm likes to have a buyer; thus products are sold in a domestic market then resold overseas in different ways. -Foreign wholesale and retail organisations that have purchasing agents in a firm†s home country may find the firm†s product good for their market. -Manufacturers and firms have U.S. offices obtain equipment and supplies to their foreign operations. Companies have an advantage by selling to the U.S. firms because they are using export routes already supplying their domestic operations via the U.S. -With multinational operations buy equipment and supplies for them through their regular domestic purchasing. Equipment is shipped and installed in foreign plant. Foreign producers take note of the equipment. Then orders for the equipment will follow. Thus, an active exporting involvement by the supplying firm. This has befitted the supplying firm with a free introduction to the foreign market. International trading companies are very important for some markets. Some of these companies handle the majority of the imports into the country. The size and market coverage of these trading companies makes them excellent distributors, especially with their credit reliability. They cover their markets and provide service for the products they sell. Using these trading companies has negative factors. These companies have a tendency to carry competing products and the latest product may not receive the attention its producers desired. The sales from these kinds of indirect exporting are as good as domestic sales and, show that they are less stable. Since being so far from the main market a firm has little control. Even though new sales is helpful the disadvantage of not having more control of foreign sales a company may look for a more suitable arrangements in the long-run. Some companies work with an export management to have increased control over its product. There are some advantages of using an export management company: -The manufacture receives instant foreign market knowledge and contacts via the operations and the experience of the EMC. -The manufacture saves the cost of developing the in-house expertise in exporting. An EMC cost is spread over the sales of several manufacturers. -EMC offer clients consolidated shipments for savings. -Lines of complementary products can better foreign representation than the products of just one manufacturing. Also, EMC†s accept foreign credit responsibility. There are also some disadvantages to using an EMC: -Some EMC†s handled too many lines to give the proper attention to a new exporter. -Many tend to be market specialist rather than product specialist, thus product expertise is weak. -Some EMC†s coverage is only regional rather than global. A ETC acts as the export arm of a number of manufactures. ETC†s allow U.S. companies or banks to form a trading company with the size, resources, sophistication, and international network comparable to the Japanese companies. Unfortunately U.S ETC†s have not really worked out. Most of them are small or they have failed. One manufacture uses it overseas distribution to sell other companies† product with their own. One party is called the carrier; the carrier is the firm that does the exporting. With the export of the new non-competitive product may help ease the cost of exporting. Piggybacking can be attractive because a company can fill up its exporting capacity or fill out their product line. Also, piggybacking can help in a lost cost way for the carrier to export and save on investment in RD, production facilities, and market testing for a new product. There are also some negatives, quality control and warranty. The rider may not maintain the quality of the products sold by the other company. Concerns of supply, a carrier can develop a large market abroad, the rider firm may favor its own marketing needs it tight demand conditions. The party called the rider has a great advantage. By using another company a company can get its product to foreign markets. This offers the riders and established export and distribution facilities and shared expenses, and benefits close to an EMC and a ETC. The difference between direct exporting and indirect exporting is that the task of market contact, market research, physical distribution, export documentation, pricing, is bestowed on the company. Another producer under contract produces a firm†s product in a foreign market with the firm. This is feasible when a firm can locate a foreign producers with the ability to manufacture the product in satisfactory quality and quality. The advantages are the company can reduce the risk of failure in a foreign market by simply terminating the contract. Other saving include transportation. The drawback is to this is that the manufacturing profit goes to the local firm rather than to the international firm. Also, finding a suitable manufacturer may be difficult. How to cite United Nations Reform for Indirect Exporting, Essay examples